| mom omgigi |
: |
movement of the body |
| mahki |
: |
block |
| chagi |
: |
kick |
| chirugi |
: |
thrust (or punch) |
| chigi |
: |
strike (with the hand) |
| jeek gi |
: |
strike (with the foot) |
| bahk gi |
: |
strike (with the head) |
| sahn ki sool |
: |
hand technique |
| bahl ki sool |
: |
foot technique |
| kyorugi |
: |
sparring |
| bituro |
: |
twisting |
| gamya |
: |
stepping (also “omkyuh didigi“) |
| kuht neun |
: |
walking |
| uro |
: |
moving in a particular direction (e.g. “ahp uro gamya” – stepping forward) |
| bang hyang bakoogi |
: |
changing direction |
| bitkyuh surgi |
: |
escaping |
| tdwim yu |
: |
jumping |
| dora |
: |
to turn |
| dolmyo |
: |
spinning |
| mee keul myu |
: |
sliding (also “mee kul gi“) |
| jupgi |
: |
holding/grabbing |
| donzigi |
: |
throwing |
| goorugi |
: |
rolling/tumbling |
| pyihagi |
: |
dodging |
| hecho |
: |
spreading |
| moyo |
: |
gathering |
| bojoo |
: |
covering |
| oo |
: |
right (also “oh-ruen“) |
| joa |
: |
left (also “wen“) |
| ahp |
: |
front |
| ahn |
: |
inner |
| bahkat |
: |
outer |
| bahndae |
: |
reverse |
| dwi |
: |
back |
| ahnuro |
: |
inward |
| bahkuro |
: |
outward |
| whee |
: |
high (up) |
| whee uro |
: |
upward |
| guande |
: |
middle |
| ulgool |
: |
high section (also “sahngdahn“) |
| momtong |
: |
middle section (also “chungdahn“) |
| ahrae |
: |
low section (also “hahdahn“) |
| kyorugi |
: |
(free) sparring |
| han bun kyorugi |
: |
one step sparring |
| doo bun kyorugi |
: |
two step sparring |
| sae bun kyorugi |
: |
three step sparring |
| bahn ja yu kyorugi |
: |
semi free sparring |
| machu oh kyorugi |
: |
arranged free sparring |
| jeon |
: |
round (competition segment) |
| shihap |
: |
bout or match |
| jeum |
: |
point |
| shi gan |
: |
time out |
| keum bahk |
: |
out of bounds |
| kyong go |
: |
warning |
| gam jeum |
: |
deduction of point |
| shil kyuk |
: |
disqualification |
| boo sang |
: |
injury |
| seung |
: |
win |
| bi kim |
: |
tie |
| chung |
: |
blue |
| hong |
: |
red |
| hin |
: |
white |
| jajun bahl |
: |
use of footwork to dodge a technique |
| nachugi |
: |
body evasion by “ducking” |
| dhee |
: |
belt |
| dobok |
: |
uniform |
| ha’i |
: |
training pants |
| hogoo |
: |
chest protector (also “bohogoo“) |
| sahn boho jang kap |
: |
protective gloves |
| pahlmahk bohodae |
: |
forearm guard |
| jung kang yi bohodae |
: |
shin guard |
| nang shim bohodae |
: |
groin cup |
| muh ree bohodae |
: |
protective head gear |
| eep bohodae |
: |
mouth guard |
| cha ryuht |
: |
attention |
| choon bi |
: |
ready |
| bah ro |
: |
return to starting position |
| dwi uro dorah |
: |
about face |
| dorah |
: |
turn |
| elosoh |
: |
stand |
| gomahn |
: |
stop (also “mum cho“) |
| geuk gi hyang ha yoh |
: |
face the flag |
| jwa woo hyang woo |
: |
face each other |
| sah bum nim keh |
: |
face instructor/master |
| sun bae nim keh |
: |
face senior student |
| simsa kwan nim keh |
: |
face examiner/tester |
| dobok dahnjung |
: |
fix your uniform |
| dhee dahnjung |
: |
fix your belt |
| hai sahn |
: |
class dismissed (also “hae cho“) |
| jonglee |
: |
line up (also “ji hap” and “jung yul“) |
| kyung nae |
: |
bow |
| ahnjoe |
: |
sit |
| kool o angi |
: |
kneel (kneeling) |
| bah ro angi |
: |
sit in lotus position (yoga posture) |
| bahl bah kwah |
: |
switch your stance (switch your feet) |
| koo ryung op see |
: |
in your own time |
| seijak |
: |
begin |
| shiuh |
: |
relax |
| kalyeo |
: |
break (or stop) |
| kae sok |
: |
continue |
| dojang |
: |
place where one trains (house of discipline) |
| gong-kyok |
: |
offense |
| hosinsool |
: |
self-defense |
| mukyum |
: |
meditation |
| kihap |
: |
yell |
| jung shin yuk |
: |
mental strength, or martial art spirit (also “moodo jung shin“) |
| jung shin dong il |
: |
concentration of the mind |
| jung shin soo yang |
: |
development (training) of the mind |
| jung do |
: |
the “right” way (correctness of action) |
| sim shin dahn ryun |
: |
mind and body discipline |
| chung myung kwon |
: |
development (training) of the body, mind, and spirit |
| chi shik |
: |
knowledge of mind and thoughts |
| heng dong |
: |
execution (action) of the body and its techniques |
| pil seung |
: |
certain victory |
| il sok pil sai |
: |
one strike must kill |
| ho hyoop |
: |
breathing |
| shim ho hyoop |
: |
breathing control (deep breathing) |
| himm |
: |
force or power |
| ki |
: |
life-energy |
| dahnjun |
: |
the center of your “ki“ |
| bokboo |
: |
the stomach area where “ki” is generated. |
| choong sim |
: |
center of gravity |
| chojum |
: |
focus (focal point) of your energy |
| jeung ga |
: |
increase (to strengthen or augment) |
| kyuk pa |
: |
breaking (the art of breaking boards, bricks, and tiles) |
| shibum |
: |
demonstration (or exhibition) |
| pyugi |
: |
stretching |
| ye jol |
: |
etiquette |
| jon gyung |
: |
respect |
| choong sung |
: |
loyalty (also “eui ri“) |
| jung jhik |
: |
honesty |
| kahjok |
: |
family |
There are two different numbering systems that are used by Koreans. The first numbering system is used when counting, or when only speaking of the numbers themselves. The first ten numbers in this system are as follows:
| 1 |
: |
hanah |
| 2 |
: |
dool |
| 3 |
: |
set |
| 4 |
: |
net |
| 5 |
: |
dasot |
| 6 |
: |
yasot |
| 7 |
: |
ilgop |
| 8 |
: |
yadol |
| 9 |
: |
ahop |
| 10 |
: |
yool |
The stress in “hanah“, “dasot“, and “yasot” is on the first syllable, in “ilgop“, “yadol“, and “ahop” on the second. In counting cadence in TaeKwonDo, this is so emphasized that the other syllable frequently almost disappears (e.g., “han“, “das“, “yos“, “lgop“, “hop“, etc.).
The other numbering system (which is of Chinese origin) is used in most other cases and is often used where Americans would use ordinal numbers (such as “first”, “second”, etc …). For example, this second numbering system is used when describing a person’s rank: a first degree black belt would be an “il dan“. The first ten numbers in this numbering system are as follows:
| 1 |
: |
il |
| 2 |
: |
ee |
| 3 |
: |
sahm |
| 4 |
: |
sah |
| 5 |
: |
oh |
| 6 |
: |
ryook |
| 7 |
: |
chil |
| 8 |
: |
pal |
| 9 |
: |
koo |
| 10 |
: |
ship |
The final `l’ in “chil” and “pal” isn’t rounded, like an American `l’ …. It’s a much shorter sound, sort of like the initial `l’ in “let”, but even shorter. It’s not like the `l’ in “ball”.
When pronouncing the word “ship“, you must not emphasize the “sh” sound. It’s almost more like “sip” with a sort of a lisp. If you pronounce it like “sh” in “shell”, then you are referring to sexual intercourse.
Even though this second numbering system may correspond to ordinal numbers in English in some cases, these are not ordinal numbers. Koreans use a separate set of words for ordinal numbers.
